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This study aimed to provide evidence on sustainability disclosure in the banking sector of Ecuador Using a descriptive-correlational approach, three key areas were examined: the most common reports for the disclosure of sustainability information, factors influencing banks' willingness to disclose, and the type of sustainability information being disclosed. Fisher's test and mean difference tests were employed to identify factors influencing banks' willingness to disclose sustainability information. Additionally, a content analysis was conducted to identify the main themes disclosed by banks regarding sustainability An index incorporating environmental, social, economic, and governance aspects was utilized for this analysis. The findings revealed low levels of disclosure, a higher prevalence of specialized reports, a positive association between willingness to disclose and organizational visibility, and a predominance of social dimension disclosure practices. These findings underscore the need to enhance disclosure standards and strengthen communication with stakeholders in Ecuador's banking sector. JEL CLASSIFICATION MI0, MI4; G2I
Este estudio buscó proporcionar evidencia sobre la divulgación de sostenibilidad en el sector bancario de Ecuador Mediante un enfoque descriptivo-correlacional se abordaron tres temáticas: los medios más utilizados para divulgar información de sostenibilidad, los factores que influyen en la disposición de los bancos a divulgar y el tipo de información sobre sostenibilidad que divulgan. Se utilizaron las pruebas de Fisher y de diferencia de medias para identificar los factores que influyen en la disposición de los bancos a divulgar información de sostenibilidad. De igual forma, se realizó un análisis de contenido para identificar los temas principales que divulgan los bancos sobre sostenibilidad. Para ello, se usó un índice que identificó aspectos ambientales, sociales, económicos y de gobernanza. Los resultados revelaron niveles bajos de divulgación, un mayor uso de informes especializados, una asociación positiva entre la disposición a divulgar y la visibilidad de la organización, y una predominancia de la divulgación de prácticas en la dimensión social. Estos hallazgos resaltan la necesidad de mejorar los estándares de divulgación y fortalecer la comunicación con los grupos de interés en el sector bancario de Ecuador. CLASIFICACIÓN JEL M10, M14; G21
Este estudo buscou fornecer evidências sobre a divulgação da sustentabilidade no setor bancário do Ecuador. Usando uma abordagem descritiva-correlacional, foram abordadas três questões: os meios mais comuns usados para divulgar informações sobre sustentabilidade, os fatores que influenciam a disposição dos bancos em divulgar e o tipo de informações sobre sustentabilidade que eles divulgam. O teste de Fisher e os testes de diferença de médias foram usados para identificar os fatores que influenciam a disposição dos bancos em divulgar informações sobre sustentabilidade. Da mesma forma, foi realizada uma análise de conteúdo para identificar os principais tópicos que os bancos divulgam sobre sustentabilidade. Isso foi feito por meio de um índice que identificou questões ambientais, sociais, econômicas e de governança. Os resultados revelaram baixos níveis de divulgação, um maior uso de relatórios especializados, uma associação positiva entre a disposição de divulgar e a visibilidade organizacional, e uma predominância de divulgação de práticas na dimensão social. Essas conclusões destacam a necessidade de melhorar os padrões de divulgação e fortalecer a comunicação com as partes interessadas no setor bancário do Ecuador. CLASSIFICAÇÃO JEL M10, M14; G21
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The Online Banking Services are increasing day by day in the banking sector in India. In this paper aims to examine the Online Banking Services of the Banking Sectors in India. In this study used to collected data from primary and secondary sources which are collected from Bank Managers, Website and other sources. The Online Banking Services such as ATM-Automated Teller Machine, Personal Computer Banking, Phone Banking and Mobile Banking, Email Banking. The researcher concludes that through effective regulation, creating awareness of the Banking Customers.
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Banking is the kingpin of the chariot of economic progress. It plays a pivotal role in the development of the economy of any nation. Proper banking facilities are necessary for the development of agriculture, industry, trade, commerce, and transport banking institutions mobilize savings and use them for productive purposes. It is the life-blood of economic progress. Mobilizing deposit is a core activity of any bank. By the same resemblance, the major activity is mobilizing deposit. Therefore the bank should give due emphasis to its deposit mobilizing tasks by considering mobilizing deposit is a way to continued existence. It is clearly noted that increased accessibility to banking services has a positive relationship with bank deposits and banking habits. Thus, efforts should be made in channelizing the services to remote villages so as to make them participative in the banking system.
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The institutional credit agencies like commercial banks, Regional Rural Banks (RRBS) and Cooperative banks have been playing a pivotal role in the formation, strengthening and development of the Self-Help Groups (SHGs) through micro finance in India. In fact, the banking institutions have become more instrumental in developing micro-enterprises by the women members of Self-Help Groups through providing financial services. Self-Help Groups linkage programmes is suitable and an effective intervention in economic uplift met and financial inclusion for the bottom of the pyramid.1 A proven platform initially conceived for increasing the outreach of banking services among the poor has since graduated to a programme for promotion of livelihoods and poverty the banking sector in rural and urban areas.2 An attempt is made her to analyze the different, financial agencies such as CBs, RRBs and Cooperative banks in providing financial services to the poor and marginalized sections for the promotion and strengthening of self-help groups in India. Micro-finance is an economic development tool whose objective is to assist the poor to work their way out of poverty. In fact, micro-finance is powerful weapon to remove the poverty in our country. There is a greater involvement of banks in providing the loans to the women members of the Self-Help Groups in the country. The institutional credit agencies have played a crucial role in the development of the poor women members of the SHGs.The Regional Rural Banks have covered more than 45 per cent of the women by way of providing loans and advances whereas the Commercial Banks have given the highest amount of loans to the women members of the SHGs. The Cooperative Banks are in the third position in providing the microcredit to the women members of the SHGs. On the whole, the banking sector has played a dominant role in the provision of the bank loans to the poor women of the SHGs in India.
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In the present era, Technology is affecting both qualitatively and quantitatively life of each and every one. The exponential growth of information technology has touched the lives of millions of people and introduced major changes in the worldwide economic and business atmosphere. The developments in the banking technology have speeded up the banking communication and transactions for clients via various apps of banking so keeping this in view this research has been conducted to study the customers' satisfaction with application based banking. The data has been collected from 300 customers with the help of semi structured questionnaire and it has been concluded that majority of customers were satisfied with application based banking services in Udaipur city
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@#Introduction: Cord blood (CB) is rich in hematopoietic stem cells. There has been significant growth in cord blood banks (CBBs) throughout the world. In Malaysia, the CB units cryopreserved in public CBB is below its optimal level. Lack of knowledge about CB banking among mothers in other countries influenced their decision to donate CB, however, there is no local data to support this in Malaysia. Moreover, no validated and reliable tool is available for measuring local women’s knowledge about CB banking. In this study, a questionnaire to assess pregnant women’s knowledge about CB banking was developed and validated. Method: Several steps were taken to develop the knowledge items in the questionnaire which includes comprehensive literature review, content validity by a panel of experts, and face validity by a group of pregnant women. The questionnaire was developed in Malay language and contained 18 items. After modifications, the self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 121 pregnant women to assess its psychometric properties using two-parameter logistic item response theory analysis and internal consistency reliability analysis. Results: The majority of the knowledge items showed acceptable difficulty and discriminatory values. The Cronbach’s alpha and ICC values were 0.831 and 0.887, respectively, indicating good reliability. All 18 knowledge items were retained for the final version of the questionnaire. Conclusion: The newly developed questionnaire demonstrated acceptable psychometric properties and can be used as a reliable tool to assess knowledge about CB banking among pregnant women in the local population.
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Primary lung cancer， as one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies and the top leading cause of cancer death worldwide， has seriously endangered human life. In China， due to regional differences， although the impact of lung cancer on different regions is different， it still has the highest mortality among malignant tumors. Western medicine often has certain limitations in the treatment of lung cancer. At present， the combination of western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） or the direct application of TCM has become an inevitable trend in the treatment of lung cancer. TCM treatment is guided by the holistic view， which includes the view of integration of the five internal organs and the integration of the body and spirit. Therefore， the treatment of lung cancer in TCM emphasizes that although the disease is located in one organ， the whole body should be treated， which corresponds to the theory of the view of integration of the five internal organs. In addition to the lung in the treatment of lung cancer， the spleen and kidney should also be treated. The lung， spleen， and kidney correspond to metal， earth， and water， respectively on the five elements. According to the generation relationship of the five elements， since earth generates metal and metal generates water， earth is the mother of metal and water is the child of metal. Therefore， benefiting fire （kidney） can replenish earth. Tonifying the mother and son of the lung can treat lung diseases， reflecting mutual generation and transformation and ceaseless generation and transformation. Long-term consumption of Qi by lung cancer can affect mother-organ. In the context of disorder of child-organ affecting mother-organ， mother-organ should be tonified in the face of deficiency. The treatment principle of banking up earth to generate metal should be followed to reinforce healthy Qi and treat the root. Effulgent earth can promote the generation of metal and the syndrome of lung deficiency can be resolve. The lung and kidney deficiency is an important factor in the incidence of lung cancer. Yin deficiency for a long time can hinder the generation of water by metal， resulting in failure of water in moistening metal， so both mother organ and child organ should be tonified. The treatment principle of mutual generation between metal and water should be employed to moisten the kidney and lung， thereby facilitating the vigorous ventilation and descending of the lung. The spleen is the mother organ of the lung， and the kidney is the child organ of the lung. Long-term lung cancer causes the deficiency of the mother and child organs， so the treatment principle of replenishing fire to nourish earth should be adopted to benefit the kidney and tonify the spleen. Therefore， innate basis and acquired foundation are both filled， and the lung can be regulated properly. When the lung， spleen， and kidney are harmonized， the generation and transformation of Qi and blood are active， and the Yin and Yang of Qi and blood are balanced， so the self-rehabilitation ability of the body is ensured， and the treatment of lung cancer will achieve a good curative effect. According to the holistic view of TCM， the whole body should be regulated to treat lung cancer. The lung， spleen， and kidney are all treated in the treatment of lung cancer. With the lung， spleen， and kidney as the central axis， the treatment principles of banking up earth to generate metal， replenishing fire to nourish earth， and mutual generation between metal and water should be followed in the treatment of lung cancer， and a good therapeutic effect can be achieved.
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For an organization to remain successful, having the right leader is crucial. The best employers know how they can participate with their employees in order to achieve the organization's objectives. There are a lot of different leadership styles; among which are the autocratic, administrative, free economy, charismatic, democratic, cooperative, situational, functional, transformational, transactional, and relationship-oriented styles. Organizational Citizenship Behaviour is the criterion variable of the study. In today's world of competitive work environment OCB taking an important phenomenon at workplace, it is that behaviour of employees at work that is related to their extra work related activities for which employees not get any financial reward by the management. Organizational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB) as “discretionary and voluntary Behaviour being followed by formal reward system.” A modest attempt has been made to make survey of past studies related to leadership style and organizational citizenship behaviour
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In traditional banking, the products and services handed by bank branches are not acceptable to meet the customer needs and solicitation. Customers are the king in any business. Every business should know the customer perception and satisfy their requirements. Customers are precipitously more demanding with precious services customized to their exact requirements, at least bring and instantly done. It is possible by the use of Information technology in banking sector. In Moment's script E-Banking service plays a vital part in attracting new customers and retaining old customers. Without e-banking service no banks can survive in this competitive banking business. E-Banking means the provision of information about a bank and its services through a home runner on the World Wide Web (WWW). E-Banking services give customer access to accounts, the capability to transfer their plutocrat between different accounts, and making payments or applying for loans through E- Channels. Electronic Banking is else called as Internet Banking or Virtual Banking or Online Banking or Web Banking. E – Banking is the medium and rearmost delivery channel to be offered by the retail banks. It handed number of benefits to customer in term of easy to use and at least cost of deals; it may be either through internet, telephone or other electronic delivery channels. Nationalization was a structural change in the performance of marketable banks which redounded in to the emergence of public sector banks. Privatization leads to the emergence of private sector banks and globalization which eased the entry of foreign banks in India. This super study helps to know the satisfaction position of customers towards e – banking services handed by Axis Bank in Ramanathapuram Town. Then E – Banking services includes ATM service, POS using benefit card and credit services, mobile banking and EFT etc.
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Blockchain technology is a core, underlying technology with promising application prospects in the banking industry. As such, blockchains could revolutionize the underlying technology of the payment clearing and credit information systems in banks, thus upgrading and transforming them. Blockchain applications also promote the formation of “multi- center, weakly intermediated” scenarios, which will enhance the efficiency of the banking industry.
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Indian economy in general and banking services in particular have made rapid strides in the recent past. However, a sizeable section of the population, particularly the vulnerable groups, such as weaker sections and low income groups, continue to remain excluded from even the most basic opportunities and services provided by the financial sector. To address the issue of such financial exclusion in a holistic manner, it is essential to ensure that a range of financial services is available to every individual. The present study attempts to analyse the accessibility of banking products and services to customers of commercial banks.
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Demand refers to amount of instalments of agriculture loan demanded by banks for the year. Collection is a part of demand which is paid by the borrower and balance is the difference between demand and collection
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Biobanks are set to become the norm. The explosion of new and powerful technologies like genomics and other multiomics has catapulted research from individual laboratories to multi-institutional and international partners. Today, with increasing life span, and the rising incidence of brain diseases, Brain Banks have become an invaluable source for unravelling the pathogenesis of several brain disorders, and develop effective therapies. The article briefly reviews the evolution of brain banking, rise of global networks, with a brief overview of steps involved from donor recruitment, protocols of processing, storage, annotation, and tissue distribution. The ethics of biobanking is one of the most controversial issues in bioethics, the key issues being consent, confidentiality, and commercialisation. Regulatory authorities in different countries and in India, the Indian Council of Medical Research has taken a lead to formulate new ethical guidelines for research involving human participants protecting rights, and well-being of research participants. Although brain banks have been established in the 1960s, in India, the first Brain Bank was established in 1995 at the National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru. Now a network with two more Brain banks is being established in the country. The challenges and benefits of establishing the first Brain Bank as a National Research Facility in India is shared. For optimising available resources and promote brain banking, it is essential for medical professionals, and the public to perceive the crucial advantage in conversion of biological waste into invaluable resources for neuroscience. This will be the greatest “gift of hope” that we can offer for the future generations to overcome hitherto untreatable disorders such as dementias.
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Purpose: To examine the utilization patterns of cornea procured from diseased individuals ?75 years of age at an eye bank in western India. Methods: In this retrospective study, data from 1,217 eyes of 653 donors with age ?75 years were reviewed from October 2008 to December 2019. Donor age, lens status, endothelial cell count (ECD), utilization of the tissue for transplantation or non?clinical purposes (e.g., research, training/discarded), and causes of non?utilization were noted. Results: The mean age of the donors was 80.9 ± 4.6 years and the tissue utilization rate was 36.5% (445 out of 1,217 eyes). The eyes used for keratoplasty procedures had a lower donor age (79.6 ± 5.7 vs. 81.5 ± 5.1; P < 0.001), a higher endothelial cell count (2493 ± 531 vs. 2034 ± 581; P < 0.001), and were more often phakic (61% vs. 36.6%) compared to the unused group. A multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the likelihood of tissue utilization for keratoplasty was 13% higher with every 100?cell increment in donor ECD (odds ratio [OR] = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.10–1.16, P < 0.001) and 33% lower with having a pseudophakic status in the donor eye (OR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.52–0.87, P = 0.03). Age was not a significant determinant of tissue utilization when used in the same multivariable model. Conclusion: More than one?third of the eyes (36.5%) can be utilized even when the donors are above 75 years of age. Eyes that were more likely to be utilized for keratoplasty were phakic and had a significantly higher ECD; age was not a determinant in tissue utilization
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Bank ?nance is an important engine of the growth for economic development in country. The resources at the command of Canara Bank must be effectively geared to the promotion of economic development in a developing manner, which also suffers from acute shortage of resources. In a planned economy, it is important that the allocation of bank credit must be in accordance with the priorities of the plan. It is recognized that agricultural development pre-supposes a greater ?ow of inputs as well as institutional and organizational reforms. Agricultural credit is one of the most crucial inputs in all agricultural development programmes
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With the accelerating process of aging, the burden of elderly care in China is increasing dramatically. However, the current care models were difficult to meet the multi-level and diversified needs of the elderly. Time banking mutual care model is proposed as an important auxiliary model. Since the elderly in urban communities are the major participants of time banking mutual care model, understanding their willingness to participate is very important for the effective implementation and sustainable development of time banking mutual care model. This paper summarizes the research progress and the major influencing factors of the willingness of the elderly to participate in time banking mutual care model, in order to provide theoretical support for alleviating the increasingly severe burden of elderly care in China and realizing active aging.
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O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar as relações entre a justiça organizacional e o estresse no trabalho, segundo a perspectiva dos funcionários do setor bancário público e privado de uma cidade do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, no Brasil. Para isso, foi realizado um estudo com 339 colaboradores de instituições bancárias, adotando-se como instrumentos de pesquisa a Escala de Percepção de Justiça Organizacional, a Escala de Estresse no Trabalho e a versão reduzida da Escala de Desequilíbrio Esforço-Recompensa. A análise dos dados ocorreu através de estatística descritiva, indicador de alfa de Cronbach, testes de normalidade, teste Mann-Whitney, teste Kruskal-Wallis, teste Qui-Quadrado e Análise de Correspondência. Como resultados, evidencia-se a relação entre a percepção de justiça organizacional e o estresse no trabalho, demonstrando que a percepção de justiça contribui para a forma com que os colaboradores encaram as situações e as demandas de trabalho, que podem levar ao estresse.
The objective of this research was to analyze the relationship between organizational justice and work stress, from the perspective of public and private banking sector employees from a city in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. For this, a study was carried out with 339 employees of banking institutions, adopting as research instruments the Organizational Justice Perception Scale, the Stress at Work Scale and the reduced version of the Effort-Reward Imbalance Scale. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, Cronbach's alpha indicator, normality tests, Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Chi-square test and Correspondence Analysis. As a result, the relationship between the perception of organizational justice and stress at work is evidenced, demonstrating that the perception of justice contributes to the way employees face work situations and demands that can lead to stress.
El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la relación entre la justicia organizacional y el estrés laboral, desde la perspectiva de los empleados del sector bancario público y privado de una ciudad en el estado de Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Para esto, se realizó un estudio con 339 empleados de instituciones bancarias, adoptando como instrumentos de investigación la Escala de Percepción de Justicia Organizacional, la Escala de Estrés en el Trabajo y la versión reducida de la Escala de desequilibrio de esfuerzo-recompensa. El análisis de los datos se realizó mediante estadística descriptiva, indicador alfa de Cronbach, pruebas de normalidad, prueba de Mann-Whitney, prueba de Kruskal-Wallis, prueba de Chi-cuadrado y análisis de correspondencia. Como resultado, se evidencia la relación entre la percepción de justicia organizacional y el estrés en el trabajo, lo que demuestra que la percepción de justicia contribuye a la forma en que los empleados enfrentan situaciones y demandas laborales que pueden generar estrés.
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O objetivo deste artigo foi compreender a maneira pela qual se manifestam as estratégias de justificação e negação do preconceito em organizações bancárias no sul de MG, que possuem programas de gestão da diversidade. Empiricamente, realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa na qual foram feitas 15 entrevistas semiestruturadas com bancários. Os dados foram analisados por meio da Análise do Discurso. Os resultados evidenciam que o preconceito está presente no contexto bancário, no entanto, os entrevistados não reconhecem que ele exista no ambiente em que trabalham, por isso, buscam maneiras de justificá-lo e negá-lo. A justificação ocorre por meio da mobilização de estratégias de culpabilização dos "outros" e das próprias minorias, da reprodução da ideologia da meritocracia e da naturalização e "superação" do preconceito. As estratégias de justificação e negação do preconceito servem como elementos que sustentam a manutenção das ideologias hegemônicas das políticas de diversidade das organizações.
The purpose of this article was to understand the way in which prejudice denial and justification strategies occur inside banks in the South of Minas Gerais, these being the ones that have diversity management programs. Empirically speaking, a qualitative study was done in which 15 semi-structured interviews were conducted with bank clerks. The results show that prejudice is present in the bank environment, however, the interviewees do not recognize that it exists in their workplace, and consequently, they look for ways to deny it and justify it. Justification takes the form of strategies of blaming others and the minorities themselves, the ideological reproduction of meritocracy, and the naturalization and overcoming of prejudice. Prejudice denial and justification strategies serve as elements that support the maintenance of hegemonic ideologies of the diversity policies of the organizations.
El objetivo de este artículo fue comprender la manera en que se manifiestan las estrategias de justificación y negación del prejuicio en organizaciones bancarias en el sur de Minas Gerais, Brasil, que poseen programas de gestión de la diversidad. Empíricamente, se realizó una investigación cualitativa en la que fueran hechas 15 entrevistas semiestructuradas con banqueros. Los datos se analizaron mediante el Análisis del Discurso. Los resultados evidencian que el prejuicio está presente en el contexto bancario, sin embargo, los encuestados no reconocen que existe en el ambiente en el que trabajan, por lo que buscan maneras de justificarlo y negarlo. La justificación ocurre por la movilización de estrategias de culpabilización de los "otros" y de las propias minorías, de la reproducción de la ideología de la meritocracia y de la naturalización y "superación" de los prejuicios. Las estrategias de justificación y negación del prejuicio sirven como elementos que sostienen el mantenimiento de las ideologías hegemónicas de las políticas de diversidad de organizaciones.
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Background: Breast milk is the complete nutrition for the babies during first 6 months of life. It is very important to feed the baby with breast milk during that crucial period of growth. Unavailability of breast milk can put the baby in life threatening conditions. In order to resolve the problem and to improve the mortality rate of neonates, nurses should have up to date information regarding the breast milk and its storage. Aim of this study was to assess the knowledge of nurses regarding importance of human milk and milk banking.Methods: Quantitative, descriptive research approach was used to assess the knowledge of 150 purposively selected nurses working in obstetric, gynae and pediatric wards in selected hospitals of Punjab by using socio-demographic sheet and self-structured questionnaire. Both descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used for the analysis of data.Results: Study findings revealed that majority of nurses 66% have adequate knowledge regarding importance of human milk and milk banking. Knowledge of nurses regarding importance of human milk and milk banking is significantly associated with working department.Conclusions: Study concluded that knowledge of nurses regarding importance of human milk and milk banking is satisfactory. But for the further improvement in knowledge of nurse’s in-service programs should be provided to them after regular intervals of time. So that they perform their work efficiently.
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Until recently umbilical cord and the placenta was discarded as medical waste after delivery. Hematopoietic stem cells(HSCs) are multi-potent stem cells, derived from bone marrow and peripheral blood. These HSCs are also present in umbilical cord blood. Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is a good source of hematopoietic stem cells that is equivalent to those found in the bone marrow. After delivery, umbilical cord blood can be collected and cryopreserved which can be used later. The stem cells in cord blood can grow into any type of cell especially blood and immune system cells, due to its multi-potent nature. These HSC are accepted method of treatment for various blood cell disorders, cancers, genetic diseases, immune disorders and metabolic disorders. Clinical trials are underway for neurological disorders,diabetes, auto-immune disorders and for some cardio vascular problems. So far worldwide more than 30,000 cord blood transplantations were done successfully. AIM: Aim of the study is to enhance the knowledge of basic B.Sc. Nursing students regarding umbilical cord blood banking who are studying in Rajiv Gandhi College of Nursing, Jammu. MATERIALS AND METHODS:An evaluative approach with one group pre-test, post-test design was used for the study. The sample consisting of 50 Basic B.Sc. Nursing students, they were chosen by convenient sampling technique. The study was conducted at Rajiv Gandhi College of Nursing, Jammu. The data was collected prior and after the structured teaching program by a structured questionnaire. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The overall mean knowledge score is 23.96 obtained by the subject in post-test was higher than mean knowledge score 9.42 obtained in pre-test and with the improvement score as 14.54. The results of the study revealed that the structured teaching program was significantly effective in improving the knowledge of students regarding umbilical cord blood banking. Hence the study concluded that the improved knowledge regarding umbilical cord blood bankinghelps the students to grow constantly, to be more advanced in medical research like what are the different benefits and use of stem cells derived from umbilical cord blood and thus attempts will be made by these students to educate the society about umbilical cord blood banking through different methods.